TYPOLOGY OF DIFFERENT LAYERS OF THE LEXICAN LANGUAGES OF ENGLISH AND UZBEKISTAN

This scientific article presents a comparative-typological analysis of the lexical system layers in the English and Uzbek languages. During the research, the vocabulary of both languages is classified from etymological, functional-stylistic, and social perspectives. The similarities and differences between the Germanic layer in English and the Turkic layer in Uzbek, as well as the role of borrowed layers (Latin, French, Scandinavian in English; Arabic, Persian, Russian in Uzbek) in the development of these languages, are scientifically substantiated. The article extensively covers historical factors in the formation of lexical layers, the mutual influence of languages, and the trends of introducing neologisms in the modern era of globalization. Research results show that while English exhibits a greater tendency toward borrowings as an "open system," the Uzbek vocabulary has undergone strong external linguistic influences during certain historical periods while maintaining its ancient Turkic roots. The article is intended for students of philology, linguists, and specialists in comparative linguistics.