Aspects of early detection and prevention of essential micronutrient deficiency at different levels of chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem. As kidney function declines, patients with CKD gradually develop end-stage kidney disease and must undergo dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain their lives, placing a heavy economic burden on families and society. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively prevent and delay the progression of CKD. Essential micronutrients play an indispensable role in CKD, and the purpose of this study is to systematically review their benefits in the disease and summarize the risks of their excess.