METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF WORKING ON WORD MEANING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL MOTHER TONGUE LESSONS

This paper outlines the methodological foundations, content, didactic principles,  methods, and tools for working on word meanings in primary school native language lessons, as well  as the importance of this work for developing students' lexical and speech competence. It argues that  the process of mastering word meanings should not be limited to merely providing definitions for new words; instead, it must be structured around comprehension, semantic differentiation, contextual  application, and incorporation into active speech. Furthermore, the didactic potential of using images,  objects, context, question-and-answer exercises, comparisons, synonyms and antonyms, dictionary work, and creative tasks has been explored. Based on the age-related and psychological characteristics of primary school students, a methodological algorithm has been proposed: "perceiving the word – grasping the meaning – explaining – distinguishing – applying in context – using in independent speech."