EARLY DETECTION OF GLAUCOMA AND MODERN TREATMENT APPROACHES: DIAGNOSIS, RISK FACTORS, AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CONTROL

Glaucoma comprises a group of progressive optic neuropathies  characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss, optic nerve damage, and irreversible visual  field loss. Because early disease is frequently asymptomatic, timely detection is  essential for preserving visual function. This article aims to synthesize major risk  factors, diagnostic criteria, and contemporary management strategies for glaucoma.  Evidence was reviewed from the World Health Organization (WHO), the National  Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the European Glaucoma Society  (EGS), and peer-reviewed articles indexed in PubMed.