Application of Modern Biopolymer-Based Biomaterials in Endodontic and Restorative Dentistry: A Clinical and Experimental Analysis

The rapid development of biomaterial science has significantly influenced modern dental practiceby introducing biopolymer-based materials capable of enhancing tissue regeneration, improvingbiocompatibility, and optimizing clinical outcomes. Unlike conventional restorative materials,contemporary biopolymers possess biological properties that actively support healing processeswhile minimizing inflammatory responses. This review analyzes the clinical and experimentalapplications of natural and synthetic biopolymer-based biomaterials in endodontic and restorativedentistry. Particular attention is given to collagen, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, gelatin, silkfibroin, and biodegradable polymer composites that have demonstrated promising regenerativepotential. Recent experimental studies indicate that these biomaterials improve pulp tissueregeneration, dentin repair, antimicrobial activity, and adhesive performance while maintainingfavorable physicochemical characteristics. Furthermore, advances in nanotechnology, tissueengineering, and three-dimensional bioprinting have expanded the therapeutic possibilities ofbiopolymer-based scaffolds for personalized dental treatment. The available evidence suggests thatmodern biopolymers represent an important step toward biologically oriented dentistry bycombining structural support with regenerative capacity. Continued interdisciplinary research isexpected to further improve the clinical effectiveness and long-term performance of thesebiomaterials.