HYSTERECTOMY: ETIOLOGY MAIN INDICATIONS AND CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) is among the most common major gynecologic procedures, performed for benign indications (uterine leiomyomas, abnormal uterine bleeding, adenomyosis, endometriosis, pelvic organ prolapse), premalignant lesions, malignancies, and-rarely-life-threatening obstetric emergencies (emergency peripartum hysterectomy). This review summarizes key etiologic drivers and risk factors, and synthesizes epidemiologic patterns, including population prevalence, regional and socio-demographic disparities, time trends, and the increasing uptake of minimally invasive hysterectomy. In the United States, the crude prevalence of hysterectomy among women aged ≥18 years was estimated at ~17.2% in 2021, with variations by education, income, disability status, and region.