Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Integrative Review of Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, Real-World Data and Precision Prevention

Polycystic  ovary  syndrome  (PCOS)  is  a  heterogeneous  endocrine  disorder  with  consequences  extending  beyond  ovulatory  function  and  androgen  excess.  Metabolic  syndrome,  impaired  glucose  tolerance,  type  2  diabetes,  dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular morbidity are important dimensions  of long-term care. Objective: To critically integrate evidence  linking PCOS to metabolic  syndrome  and  cardiovascular  risk,  distinguish  established  associations  from unresolved causal pathways, and assess opportunities for real-world evidence and  artificial  intelligence  in  prevention.