Chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis: Early stage diagnosis, modern interpretation of pathogenesis, and prevention strategies for its development

This article details the complex etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the development ofchronic polyposis rhinosinusitis (CRSwNP) and nasal polyps (NP), including Th2-typeinflammation, cellular level changes, and the role of biofilms. Standardized scales of nasalendoscopy and computed tomography (CT) (Lund-Mackay, Lildholdt) for detecting the disease atclinical and subclinical stages are analyzed. The mechanisms of local glucocorticosteroids,leukotriene receptor antagonists, and the latest innovative approach, biological therapy (monoclonalantibodies), which play a key role in preventing polyp formation and recurrence, are considered