PREDICTIVE VALUE OF IMMUNE GENE POLYMORPHISMS FOR RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) remain a major pediatric health concern due to their association with renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Traditional clinical risk factors alone are often insufficient to accurately predict recurrence. Recent advances in molecular genetics have demonstrated that immune gene polymorphisms may serve as valuable biomarkers for identifying children at increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infections. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the predictive significance of polymorphisms in innate and adaptive immune response genes and discusses their integration into personalized risk assessment models.